Daily AncestorFrozen
Frozen, or frozen to death, on an old record meant death from extreme cold; statisticians filed it under excessive cold.
The 1911 Census Bureau manual's title for excessive cold adds freezing, and indexes frozen there, apart from starvation and the effects of heat.
IPUMS has a code for exposure in its scheme for the 1850 to 1880 mortality schedules, so a schedule entry of frozen and one of exposure may describe the same kind of death.
As seen in a recordCause of death column, 1850 to 1880 federal mortality schedule
Michl. Duggleby, 52, M, W, Laborer, Jan., Frozen
Sources
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Daily Ancestor. "Frozen." Dictionary of Old Record Words. https://dailyancestor.com/dictionary/causes-of-death/frozen. Last checked 2026-10-12.